Firearm



2 Sheets-Shed 1 FIREARM G. H. G/ARRISON Filed May 15, 1952 March 3,1936;

3nnentor Geozye H. Garris n.

lJ... MN

Patented Mar. 3, 1936 FIREARM George Henry Garrison, Delphi, Ind.,assignor to Remington Arms Company, Inc;, a corporation of DelawareApplication May 13, 1932, Serial No. 611,075

7 Claims.

V control mechanism co-operating therewith, and

a magazine adapted to contain a number of cartridges or shells which areto be transferred one at a time to the chamber of said barrel.

One object of the invention is to provide for a 1, firearm of therepeating type an improved method of controlling a member which normallyprevents unlocking of the breech block when the fire control mechanismis in cocked position.

A further object of the invention is to, cause such a breech blocklocking device to co-operate with a trigger or sear in such a manner asto lock said trigger or sear in engagement with the firing hammer at alltimes when the breech mechanism is unlocked.

A further object of the invention is to provide a breech block lockingdevice and trigger or sear co-operating in such a manner that a pull onthe trigger during the closing movement of the breech mechanism willcondition the breech block locking device to move instantly to effectiveposition when the breech is fully closed, thereby locking the breechblock.

A further object of the invention is to provide an improved form ofreadily removable hammer spring abutment.

A further object of the invention is to provide a simple and readilyadjustable means for varying the amount of force required to effectdisengagement of the trigger or sear from the hammer.

As a modification of the mechanism for controlling the breech lockingdevice, the invention contemplates an improved means for controllingsaid device from the hammer spring pilot, instead of from the hammer.

.the invention consists in certain novel mechanisms and arrangementsthereof, representative embodiments of which are illustrated in theaccompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a fragmentary sectional side elevation of a firearm having thepreferred forms of the inventions applied thereto, showing the breechclosed and locked and the fire control mechanism in cocked position.

Fig. 2 is a side elevation, partly in section, of the fire controlmechanism shown in Fig. 1, the hammer being fired and the trigger beinglocked by the novel trigger lock constituting a part of the presentinvention.

55 Fig. 3 is a side elevation, partly in section of With these and otherincidental objects in view' the trigger plate, showing the parts in thepositions they assume when an attempt is made to pull the trigger beforethe breech block is fully locked.

Fig. 4 is a plan View ofthe trigger plate and 5 mechanism mountedthereon.

Fig. 5 is a left side elevation of said trigger plate, showing thecontrol of the action slide lock by the hammer and the adjustabletriggerpull mechanism.

Fig. 6 is asectional side elevation of a construction embodying certainmodifications of the mechanisms-illustrated in Figs. 1 to 5. In thisfigure the sear is separate from the trigger and the action slide lockis controlled from the ham- 15 mer spring pilot instead of from thehammer.

Fig. '7 is a plan view of the fire control mechanism of Fig. 6, thetrigger plate being omitted.

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary rear elevation of the trigger plate, showing theimproved form of hammer spring abutment.

Fig. 9 is a plan view of the trigger plate shown in Fig. 6.

The firearm comprises a barrel Ill and a magazine tube ll suitablysecured to the forward end of a receiver or frame l2 having a stock l3secured .at its rear end by any suitable means. Preferably the sides,top and rear end of the receiver are integral. The bottom of saidreceiver, however, is open and. is adapted to support in its rearwardportion a trigger plate I4 carrying certain of the mechanisms involvedin the present invention, which will be hereinafter more fullydescribed.

ihe receiver contains a chamber closing breech block I5 adapted to belocked in breech closing position by an abutment it in the receiver andhousing the usual firing pin ll. Said breech block comprises aheel I8adapted for co-operation with an action slide l9 suitably connected to aforwardlyextending action bar 20 designed to be manipulated by afore-end piece, not shown since it is not involved in. the presentinvention.

When the action slide is in its forward position the bottom of the heell8 of the breech block rests on the upper surface 2| of the rear end ofthe action slide l9, as shown in Fig. 1. As the action slide is moved tothe rear the forward portion of said heel engages the inclined surface22 in front of a notch23 in the action slide, and in the continuedrearward movement of said action slide the heel enters the notch 23,drawing the rear end of the breech block downward until it clears theabutment I6, after which the breech block and action slide travel to therear together.

The mechanisms by which extraction of a fired shell from the chamber,its ejection from the receiver, and the transfer of a fresh shell fromthe magazine I to the chamber, are effected, may be of the formdisclosed in the patent to: Loomis, No. 1,334,410, December 1, 1931.

The fire control mechanism is mounted in the trigger plate I4, and maybe constructed as follows: A hammer 24 pivoted in the trigger plate at25 is urged forwardly and upwardly by a hammer spring 26 partiallyhoused in a pilot member 27 which is engaged by a hammer link 28 havinga pivotal connection with the hammer at 29. Said hammer comprises aforwardly facing shoulder 39 adapted for engagement by a rearwardlyfacing spur or sear 3| on an upstanding arm 32 of a trigger 33 pivotedat 34. Said arm 32 likewise comprises a forwardly facing spur 35 adaptedto co-operate with a notch 36 in the hammer 24 and particularly to beengaged by a rearwardly facing shoulder 31 on the hammer, to insuremovement of the trigger to normal position as the hammer is cocked, inthe event that an attempt is made to hold the trigger depressed at thistime. When the hammer is cooked, the trigger arm 32 occupies a notch 38in the left side of the hammer, as clearly shown in Fig. 4. The cockingof the hammer is effected through its engagement by the action slide I9as said slide is moved to the rear.

Means are provided for locking the breech mechanism when the firinghammer is cocked, and for releasing the breech mechanism for itsunlocking and breech opening movements as soon as the hammer reachesfired position. Said means is mounted in the trigger plate and operateson the breech block through a tail 39 on the action slide. It performsthe further functions of locking the trigger at all times when thebreech mechanism is unlocked, and is also arranged to be moved by thetrigger to lock the breech mechanism if the trigger is held depressedduring the breech closing movement of said breech mechanism. Said meanscomprises a member 40 which, for convenience, will be called an actionslide lock. Said action slide lock comprises an elongated pivot opening4| which receives a pivot pin 42 secured in the trigger plate, and isurged upwardly by suitable means such as a spring 43 having one end inengagement with the trigger plate and the opposite end in engagementwith the action slide lock or means thereon such as stud 44. Said actionslide lock comprises a nose 45 for co-operation with the tail 39 of theaction slide and, with the hammer cooked and the mechanism in normalposition, spring 43 is effective to hold said nose elevated and behindthe tail 39, as shown in Fig. 1; thus locking the action slide and,through said slide, the breech block. The action slide lock is recessedat 46 to receive an abutment 41 on the trigger plate for a purpose to bepresently described.

The lower portion of the action slide lock comprises a finger piece 48preferably projecting below the trigger plate immediately in front of atrigger guard 49, toenabl'e the unlocking of the breech when desired.The rearward portion of the action slide lock comprises a notch 50adapted for co-operation with 9, lug on an arm 52 of the trigger.Normally, the action slide lock is elevated with respect to its pivot42, and when it is rocked clockwise (Fig. 1) about said pivot to: unlockthe slide, trigger lug 5| is engaged in the notch 56; thus locking thetrigger against hammer releasing movement. Such ockment 41.

ing of the action slide lock is preferably effected as an incident tothe movement of the hammer to fired position (Fig. 2). The mechanism forthis purpose may be as follows:

The hammer 24 is provided near its pivot with a cam notch 53 adaptedwhen the hammer moves to fired position to operate upon a suitabledevice associated with the action slide lock 40. This device may takevarious forms, the one which has been selected for purpose ofillustration comprises a stiif wire spring 54, partially housed in asuitable longitudinal recess |55 in the action slide lock and secured atits rear end to said lock. The forward end of said spring or connectoris bent transversely inward to engage the upper marginal surfaces of camnotch 53 as the hammer is moved to fired position, as clearly shown inFig. 2. Such engagement and depression of the forward end of springconnector 54 tensions the same sufiiciently to rock the action slidelock and release the slide therefrom as shown in Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 likewise shows the trigger depressed, lug 5| out of the notch 56and overlying a shoulder 55 adjacent said notch, thereby holding therear end of the action slide lock depressed. The tension in springconnector 54 is sufiicient to compress the action slide lock spring 43,lowering the action slide look upon its pivot 42. When, in the breechopening movement, the hammer approaches cocked position and spur 35 isengaged by a shoulder 3'! the trigger will be forcibly moved to normalposition even though an attempt be made to hold it depressed, lug 5|will clear the shoulder 55 and enter the notch 50 permitting the rearend of the action slide lock to rise. The parts are now in the positionshown in Fig.v 3. The nose 45 of the action slide lock remains depresseddue to its engagement by the tail 39 of the action slide until thebreech is fully closed and locked. Now, if the trigger be forciblypressed during breech locking movement trigger lug 5| engages the marginof notch 5|] at a point which is necessarily above the action slide lockpivot 42 and tends to prevent the elevation of the nose of the actionslide lock into the path of movement of the tail 39 when said tailclears the nose 45. Means are provided, however, whereby such a pressureon the trigger actually throws the nose 45 of the action slide lockupward as soon as said nose is clear of the tail 39, as follows:

As heretofore stated, the action slide lock comprises a recess 46 whichreceives a fixed abut- When the trigger is pressed prior to the lockingof the breech the margin 56 of said recess 46 engages the rearward faceof abutment 4'! at a point somewhat above the point of engagement of theface of lug 5| with the margin of notch 50. Thus, pressure upon thetrigger, acting through lug 5| and the margin of notch 50, actuallyrocks the action slide lock 46 counterclockwise about the point ofengagement of the surface 56 with the abutment 41, elevating the nose 45into breech locking position as soon as said nose is permitted to rise.This condition of the mechanism is illustrated in Fig. 3 in which thearrow indicates the application of pressure to the trigger. The actionslide is locked, the hammer is engaged by the spur 3| of the trigger andcannot be released therefrom until the trigger has been released,permitting the action slide lock to rock to its normal Fig. 1 position.It is thus insured that the action slide cannot be operated repeatedlymerely by exerting a constant pressure upon the trigger. It should befurther 75 pull from a minimum noted that, if in attempting to openthe-breech by pressure upon the actionslide lock finger piece 48 acareless orinexperienceduser inadvertently presses upon the trigger 33as well as finger piece 48, said trigger will become locked'againsthammer releasing movement before .the nose 45 is depressed below thetail 39 of the action slide; thus positively preventing accidentaldischarge of the gun through pressure upon the trigger when the breechmechanism is unlocked; a The operation of the mechanism thus fardescribed may be summarizedas follows:

Vlfhen the gunis cocked and ready to fir-e the various parts of the fireand breech control mech- 'anisms are in the position illustrated inFig. 1. The breech is locked due to the position of the nose 45 of theaction slide lock 48 immediately behind tail 39 of the action slide,and-the rear end of the action slide lock is depressed so that notch 58is below trigger lock 5|. The inturned end of spring connector 54 standsabove and slightly in front of the hammer cam notch 53 in' position toengage in said notch as the hammer swings forward. The action slide lockis held in the position described and elevated with respect to its pivot42 by spring-43. If the trigger is now pulled the hammer is disengagedfrom trigger spur 3 I. The hammer is impelled forward by hammer spring26 acting through the hammer link 28 and as it moves forward theinturned end of spring connector 54 is engaged by the' cam surface ofnotch 53, rockingthe action slide'lock to the Fig. 2 position. Normallythe trigger will be released following the pull thereof which releasesthe hammer and, as the hammer is cocked by the rearward movement of theaction slide, the parts again assume the Fig. 1 position, spring 43elevating the nose of the action slide lock to' locking position. If,however, the trigger is forcibly pressed during breech closing movementthe engagement of trigger lug 5i with the margin of notch exerts a forcewhich tends to rock the action slide lock counter-clockwise about thepoint of engagement of surface 56 of saidaction slide lock with thefixed abutment 41, said point of engagement being above the point ofengagement of lug 5| with the margin of notch 50. In this condition, theaction slide lock will be so rocked as soon as the tail 39 clears thenose 45 and thereafter the trigger must be released, to permit the notch50 to drop clear of trigger lug 5|, before the trigger can be pulled toagain release the hammer 24.

The invention further contemplates an improved and readily removablehammer spring abutment, one form of which is illustrated in Figs. 6 to8. The hammer spring 26 is housed in an aperture 26! opening at the rearend of the trigger plate, and prior practice has contemplated only suchspring abutments for closing the rear end of aperture 26! as a flatplate or disk held by a transverse pin extending into the adjacent wallsof the trigger plate, as shown in the patent to Loomis, above mentioned.The present invention contemplates a short interior pilot 60 providedwith a head 6i having projecting laterally therefrom lug 62 adapted tobe received in bayonet slots 63 in the trigger plate. Said head 6| maycomprise a transverse slot 64 similar to an ordinary screw head slot.Thus, by the application of a screw driver to said slot the hammerspring is very readily removed and replaced.

The invention further contemplates means for readily effecting theadjustment of the trigger of say two pounds to any described, adaptingstead of from the hammer hub. The sear 'fective position in desiredmaximum. A light spring 65 (Fig. 5) maybe placed in the trigger platebeneath a for- ;wardly extending portion 66 of the trigger to provide aminimum pull, or said spring 65 may be omitted altogether. Asupplemental adjustable spring 61 is placed upon the trigger plateadjacent the hammer and trigger and has one end thereof in engagementwith a pin 68 upon a suitable part of the trigger, such as the arm 32thereof. An abutment 69 is provided on the trigger plate for the loop ofthe spring 61, and its lowerend isturned downwardly into a threadedaperture in the trigger plate. Said aperture receives a screw 18 whichis accessible on the under side of the trigger plate preferably'at'apoint near the front portion of the trigger guard 49. By adjustment ofsaid screw 18 in and out, the tension on spring 61 may be varied betweenwide limits, thus providing a trigger pull susceptible of readyadjustment to meet the requirements or idiosyncrasies of individualshooters.

Figs. 6, 7 and 9, illustrate a modification of the action slide andtrigger lock devices heretofore V the action slide look from the hammerspring pilot or housing 21 intrigger l6 and hammer H, are substantiallyof the form illustrated and described in the aforementioned patent toLoomis. The action slide lock 18 is similar in some respects to theaction slide lock 48 heretofore described. The rearward upper portion ofthe action slide lock comprises a transversely extending lug 82 adaptedto engage behind the rear face 83 of sear l5 and lock said sear inhammer engaging position. It should be notedthat the upper portion ofsaid sear must move to the rear to release the hammer; whereas, in theform illustrated in Figs. 1 to 5, the trigger spur 3| must be movedforward in order to release the hammer. A tail 84 at the rear end of theaction slide lock is adapted to engage the face 85 of the trigger plateat a point below the point of engagement of lug 82 with the sear,thereby providingthat when the trigger is pulled prior to the locking ofthe breech, the action slide lock willrock about the point of engagementof lug 82-and surface 83, moving said lock into efthe same manner as thelock 40 heretofore described is moved to effective position undersimilar conditions.

As above stated, the action slide lock is controlled on the fall of thehammer, by means associated with the hammer spring pilot or housing 21:Said means comprises a transverse exten sion 86 of housing 21, aperturedto receive and rigidly support a stiff spring member 81 extendingforward therefrom and engaging an upwardly facing surface 88 on theaction slide lock 18. When the hammer is cooked the point of engagementof spring member 81 with surface 88 of the action slide lock issubstantially in vertical alignment with the action slide lock pivot 42,thus its opposition to the elevation of the nose of the action slidelook by spring 43 is reduced to a minimum. If desired, the constructionmay be such that at this time the action slide lock is substantially orentirely freed from spring 81. One means for this purpose comprises aslightly downturned end 89 on spring 81 (Fig. 6), which downturned endforms the point of contact of said spring with the action slide lock,and a recess 98 in the action slide lock into which the end 89 drops asthe hammer reaches cocked poiii them first to a construction in whichthe sear is separate from the trigger, and second to a control ofsition. As the housing 21 is impelled forwardly in the fall of thehammer, the point of engage ment of member 81 with the action slide lockshifts to a position forward from pivot 42, and the tension of saidmember 81 tends to rock the action slide lock to ineffective position.The aperture 26l which receives the hammer spring and its housing 27comprises a suitable transverse enlargement to receive the extension 86of housing 21, as clearly illustrated in Fig. 8.

It is to be understood that the specific embodiments of the inventionsherein described are typical and illustrative only, the invention beingsusceptible to embodiment forms, all falling Within the scope of theappended claims, which claims are to be broadly construed.

What is claimed is:

1. The combination with a firearm mechanism comprising a breech block, afiring pin in said breech block, a firing hammer adapted for cooperationwith said firing pin, and a hammer controlling trigger and sear; of aunitary locking device for said hammer and trigger, controlling meansfor said unitary locking device associated with said hammer and adaptedwhen said hammer is moved to fired position to move said unitary lockingdevice to release said breech block, said locking device comprising apivot received in an elongated pivot opening and being depressed on saidpivot when so moved under the control of said hammer.

2. In a firearm comprising a breech closing mechanism, a firing hammer,a hammer spring, and means connecting said spring to said hammercomprising a movable spring housing; in combination, a breech lateralprojection on said hammer spring housing, a breech mechanism lockcontrolling device secured in said projectionand extending forwardlytherefrom into engagement with said breech mechanism lock.

3. The combination with a firearm mechanism comprising a breech blockhaving opening and closing movements, a firing pin in said breech block,a firing hammer adapted for co-operation with said firing pin, and ahammer controlling trigger and sear; of a unitary locking device forsaid breech block and said trigger adapted in one position to lock saidbreech block and in another position to lock said trigger, and meanswhereby pressure on said trigger during the closing movement of saidbreech block tends to move said locking device to breech block lockingposition.

4. The combination with a firearm mechanism comprising a breech blockhaving opening and in a variety of other' mechanism lock, an apertured'closing movements, 9; firing pin in said breech block, a firing hammeradapted for co-operation with said firing pin, and a hammer controllingtrigger and sear; of a unitary locking device for said breech block andsaid trigger adapted in one position to lock said breech block and inanother position to lock said trigger, and means whereby pressure onsaid trigger during the closing movement of said breech block tends tomove said locking device to breech block locking position, said meanscomprising a fixed abutment, and a surface on said locking deviceadapted for engagement with said abutment.

5. The combination with a firearm mechanism comprising a breech blockhaving opening and closing movements, a firing pin in said breech'block, a firing hammer adapted for co-operation with said firing pin,and a hammer controlling trigger and sear; of a unitary locking devicefor said breech block and said trigger adapted in one position to locksaid breech block and in another position to lock said trigger, andmeans whereby continued pressure on said trigger during the closingmovement of said breech block effects the locking of said breech blockwhen closed.

6. The combination with a firearm mechanism comprising a breech blockhaving opening and closing movements, a firing pin in said breech block,a firing hammer adapted for co-operation with said firing pin, and ahammer controlling trigger and sear; of a unitary locking device forsaid breech block and said trigger adapted in one position to lock saidbreech block and in another position to lock said trigger, and meanswhereby continued pressure on said trigger during the closing movementof said breech block effects the locking of said breech block whenclosed and blocks said trigger against hammer releasing movement untilpressure thereon is relaxed.

'7. The combination with a firearm mechanism comprising a breech blockhaving opening and closing movements, and a firing pin in said breechblock; of a trigger plate, a firing hammer and a hammer controllingtrigger and sear pivoted in said trigger plate, a unitary locking devicefor said breech block and said trigger pivoted in said trigger plate andadapted in one position to lock said breech block and in said trigger,and means comprising an abutment on said trigger plate and aco-operating shoulder on said locking device whereby pressure on saidtrigger during the closing movement of said breech block eflects thelocking of said breech block when closed.

another position to lock GEORGE HENRY GARRISON.

